indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
tenant (esp. residential tenant in apartment block); occupant; inhabitant; inmate
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be much obliged (to someone); to receive favor (favour); to be indebted; to be grateful
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to hit (a person); to strike; to beat; to deliver (a speech); to give (an address)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
(battery) charger; AC adapter
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch