indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
section manager; section chief
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
perfect; complete; flawless
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
doll; puppet; marionette; puppet (person under the control of another); straw man; yes-man
enthusiast; fan; lover; devotee; aficionado
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to remove; to get rid of; to exclude; to except; to kill (a traitor, opponent, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
de- (indicating reversal, removal, etc.); post-
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
subsection head; assistant manager; chief clerk
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
material; materials; data; information; documents
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start