indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
Cabinet Information Research Office
special; particular; peculiar; unique
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
intelligence operative; spy
now; the present time; just now; another; more
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
interval; break; pause; gap (between objects); interval; opening
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
handicraft; work; construction; maneuvering; manoeuvring
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
button (clothing); push-button; button
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
stuffed toy; stuffed animal; plush toy; soft toy; cuddly toy
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
below one's eyes; under one's eyes; length (of a fish) from eyes to tail fin
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
by any chance; (should) it happen (that); by some chance
to age; to grow old (esp. in appearance); to show marks of age