waterfall; (arch.) rapids
a long time ago; in those days
north-east; Tōhoku (northernmost six prefectures of Honshu); Tohoku
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
lumping together; putting all together
Emishi; Ezo; non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo; Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
without cause; without reason
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mutsu (former province located in present-day Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Aomori prefectures)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
liver; innards; courage; spirit; crux; essential point
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
young person; youngster; young people; (the) youth
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
river; stream; River; the ... river
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
congratulation; celebration
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
several; a few; number; quantity; counting; calculation; number
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various