waterfall; (arch.) rapids
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
large statue of Buddha (trad. at least 4.8m high)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
north-east; Tōhoku (northernmost six prefectures of Honshu); Tohoku
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
power; authority; influence
spring; spring (in one's legs); bounce; springboard; impetus
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
to tie up; to tie together; to hang (oneself); to summarize; to put (it all) together; to estimate; to expect
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
adds force or indicates command
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to take advantage of; to follow blindly; to multiply
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
to help out of (trouble); to extricate
greens; vegetables; rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed