origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
prophet; predictor; prognosticator
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
investigator (usu. of criminal cases)
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
kindergarten pupil; kindergartener
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in preparation; (shop) not yet open for business
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
postponement; deferment; extension (of time)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)