question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
chair; seat; stool; post; position; seat
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
factory; plant; mill; workshop
closing; closure; shutdown; lockout
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
closing up shop (for the day); stopping business; going out of business
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
closing part of a balance sheet; balance of accounts; consistency; coherence
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
succession to another's professional name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
dad; daddy; papa; sugar daddy
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to be connected (to); to be joined together; to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through; to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result); to be lined up (e.g. of cars)
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
to join hands together; to join forces; to collaborate
eighth month of the lunar calendar
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly