indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
only; merely; but; no more than
evening; night; dinner; evening meal; counter for nights
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hurriedly; in a hurry; in haste; (arch.) sudden
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
cavity; tooth decay; decayed tooth; dental caries
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
from the bottom of one's heart; heartily; sincerely
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
suffix for familiar person
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
(another's) daughter; young lady
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as