indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
5th day of the month; five days
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
family restaurant (i.e. a restaurant with varied and inexpensive menu options); casual dining restaurant
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
to look at from the outside; to view from an outsider's perspective; to be seen from the point of view of an onlooker
having special circumstances (e.g. problems, issues, advantages, flaws, defects, etc.); imperfect (merchandise); with defects
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
don't you think?; indicates question
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
that day; the very same day
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
health; healthy; sound; fit
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
common sense; good sense; common knowledge; general knowledge; common practice; accepted practice