madam; (married) woman; lady; proprietress (of a bar, coffee shop, etc.); manageress
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
such ... as; or some such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be helpful; to be useful
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to polish; to shine; to burnish; to refine (a skill, etc.); to improve; to hone
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
one's romantic fate; one's luck in love
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
man; male; masculine gender
to meet fortuitously; to meet by chance; to happen across