anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
middle of the night; dead of night
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to save up; to stockpile; to stash away; to hoard; to amass; to salt away
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
I see; that's right; indeed
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
honorific/polite/humble prefix