indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to meet (the enemy) and attack; to engage (the approaching enemy); to confront; to intercept
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to bite into; to sink one's teeth into
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
utterance; speaking; vocalization; leading a group of people (in cheering, singing, etc.)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
violet (any flower of genus Viola, esp. the Fuji dawn, Viola mandshurica)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
in that way; thus; so; so?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
long stretch; long haul; marathon; long scene (in a play); long act
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)