indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to hold out; to extend (e.g. a hand); to present; to submit; to sacrifice; to give (up)
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
footbridge; pedestrian bridge; pedestrian overpass
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
unnecessary; not needed; not necessary
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
feeling in the hands (when striking, poking, etc.); (feeling of) resistance; response (to one's efforts); reaction; (having an) effect (on)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
dry riverbed; river beach
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
about; on; regarding; per; for every
story; tale; talk; discussion
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself