practice writing with a brush; study; learning
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
helper; assistant; help; assistance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
main point; essential point; important thing; necessity; need; requirement
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
priestly teacher; preceptor; monk (esp. the head monk of a temple); priest; second highest priestly rank in Buddhism; master (of one's art, trade, etc.)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
daily; everyday; days (e.g. of one's youth); every day; day after day
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to receive favor; to receive assistance; to receive help; to be looked after; to be taken care of; to become dependent (on)
to anticipate; to expect; to place confidence in; to put trust in; to find promising; to see good prospects (in)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
eager; earnest; ardent; OFF (on switch)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
learning good manners through apprenticeship (to an upper-class family)
formal; stiff; strict; ceremonious
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
samurai family; samurai class; samurai stock; samurai; warrior
manners; etiquette; propriety; manner of production (esp. of prose, poetry, etc.); way of making
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become familiar with; to get used to; to become accustomed to; to come to fit; to go (well) with; to suit
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?