kombu (usu. Saccharina japonica); konbu; kelp; any edible species from the family Laminariaceae
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
soup containing rice cakes and vegetables (New Year's dish)
mochi; small rice cake made from glutinous rice
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good(-tasting); nice; delicious; attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient
sorry; excuse me; thank you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
story; tale; talk; discussion
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to be called; to do
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Tenpō era (1830.12.10-1844.12.2)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
public affair; government matter; duke; prince; Sir; Lord
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
lovely; sweet; pretty; cute; adorable
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
master; teacher; stable master
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sleeping in late; oversleeping; late riser; sleepyhead
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...