indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japanese person; Japanese people
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
accomplishment; execution
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pressure; stress; pressure (e.g. political); coercion; arm-twisting
by means of; due to; because of; according to
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
to order; to command; to appoint
leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving to chance; neglecting; abandoning
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
(police) detective; criminal matter
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
discovery; detection; finding
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to do together; to share; to participate in
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once