to falter; to flinch (from); to recoil (from); to quail (at)
to benefit; to profit; to gain; to reap rewards
menial; meanness; servility; abject
Western Europe; the West; the Occident; Europe
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
drift (of snow, leaves, etc.); hangout for social dropouts
to make light of; to hold lightly; to overwhelm (e.g. opponent)
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
digestive capacity; digestive power; digestive strength
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)
to accomplish; to finish; to carry through; to follow through
to come to nothing; to be in vain; to lead nowhere
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
going to the United States
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
federation; federal state; United States of America
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
dignified appearance; majestic appearance; imposing appearance
sensitive; alert; aware; susceptible
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
disturbance; riot; mayhem
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
first-class; top grade; characteristic; peculiar; school (e.g. of a performance art); one flag
worldwide; global; international; world-famous; world-class
level; standard; water level
service in the first reserve
newspaper-seller; newsboy; newspaper vendor
fifteenth day of the month; fifteen days
anchorage; anchoring; mooring