suffix for familiar person
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
maid; helper; help; assistance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
serious; not joking; straight
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
keeper of imperial archives; worker skilled in the brewing of sake or soy sauce
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
tasks; things to do; errand; business (to take care of); affairs; engagement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
roundness; rotundity; mellowness; maturity
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?