cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
mammoth (esp. the woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get flustered; to get flurried; to get agitated; to become impatient; to hurry
keeper of imperial archives; worker skilled in the brewing of sake or soy sauce
fallen scraps; scatterings; leftovers; remainder; student who cannot keep up in school; dropout (from school, society, a movement, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
last place; lowest position; lowest rank; least significant (bit); lowest order
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
pupil; student; schoolchild
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
please (give me); please (do for me)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
to be bewildered; to be perplexed
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to fall behind; to drop out; to drop; to fall; to spill
weak point; weakness; shortcoming; defect; flaw; sore spot
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to