in good condition; in fine shape; glib; slick; harmonious; melodious
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
this world; this life; world of the living
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to begin to say; to start talking; to broach (a matter); to be the first to say; to suggest (doing); to propose
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; how about
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding