ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
there is nothing; having nothing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
(way of) life; lifestyle; living; life circumstances; livelihood; day-to-day life
now; the present time; just now; another; more
domestic help; domestic helper; domestic servant; maid
training for homemaking; training in homemaking arts; domestic training
just kidding; not!; ersatz; imitation; phony
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
unpleasant; revolting; feeling sick; feeling unwell; uncomfortable; annoying
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
man; male; masculine gender
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
politician (esp. one who works only for their own personal gain); politico
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)