today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
casual speech; peer language; informal language
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
circle; "correct"; "good"; *; _; period
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
discovery; detection; finding
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
funny; amusing; strange; odd; wrong; unsuitable
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
this occasion; at this time; now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
trouble; bother; annoyance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)