indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
upper reaches of a river; upstream
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
unmarried woman; Miss; -ess; -ette
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
two persons; two people; pair; couple
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in perfect form; going swimmingly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
wedding ring; wedding band
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
professor; teaching; instruction
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
to be worried; to be troubled
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
source of electricity; electrical power; power (button on TV, etc.)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
water; (drinking) water; night entertainment business; nightlife worker; racy; titillating
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire