indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to insert; to put in (such that there is a snug fit); to have sex; to fuck; to pigeonhole (into a particular category); to place a ring-shaped object around something (esp. one that restricts freedom, such as handcuffs)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
because of; owing to; due to
lie; falsehood; fiction; fabrication
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Fukushima (city, prefecture)
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
common reed (Phragmites australis)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity; hogging; keeping to oneself
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such