indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
arrival chime (of an elevator, train, etc.)
section manager; section chief
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
mountain river; mountain stream
bank employee; bank staff member; bank clerk
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
autograph; signature; sign; signal; indication
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts
then; well; so; well then
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
all present; all concerned; all of us
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
chopsticks; (something) at hand; (in) one's possession; (near) one's hands