indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
club; fraternity; sorority; clubhouse
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
financial world; business circles
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
show business; entertainment industry; world of entertainment
celebrity; famous person; public figure; big name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
badger game; scheme in which a man and woman trick another man into a compromising situation for blackmail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
to extort (money); to blackmail
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
all; entire; whole; altogether
to settle peacefully; to work out peacefully; to come to an amicable solution; to become reconciled
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
suffix for familiar person
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to steal another's spouse; to steal another's lover
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
storehouse; warehouse; godown
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
discovery; detection; finding
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?