wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.); barrier gate; checkpoint gate
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
request; favor; favour; reliance; dependence; trust
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically; strategy; tactics
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
instead; but (on the other hand)
one's body; one's person; oneself; one's appearance; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
gathering material (for an article, novel, etc.); collecting information; covering (an event, incident, etc.); reporting; interview (for a news story)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
senior high school; high school
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.); quitting