mom; mommy; mum; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
chief examiner; chief investigator; first reader
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to chase; to run after; to pursue; subsequently; following that; (and) then
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
promotion of industry; inauguration of a new industrial enterprise
now; the present time; just now; another; more
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
how; in what way; how about
to be connected (to); to be joined together; to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through; to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result); to be lined up (e.g. of cars)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
people; citizens; subjects; folk
honor; honour; glory; (arch.) prosperity
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
middle of the road; centrism; the middle (of what one is doing); half-way; middle way; middle path
adhesion; conglutination; accretion; collusion; collusive relationship; cozy relationship
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
pipe; tube; (tobacco) pipe; cigarette holder; go-between; intermediary
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
far from; anything but; not at all ... but rather ...; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except