spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
Musashi (former province located in parts of present-day Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures)
branch office; branch store
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
absence; disregard; indifference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
hotel worker; hotelman; hotelkeeper; hotelier
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
by (means of); by doing; due to; via; through
Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora); Japanese umbrella pine; tanyosho pine
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th C-334 BCE); Vietnam
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
in the same manner as before; the same as always
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
extra; more; unnecessary; needless; all the more; even more
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
startup; booting up; activation; starting (e.g. engine, computer); launch
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work