indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
gourmet food; delicious food; dining on gourmet food; following a lavish diet; living as an epicure
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
distinctive of; characteristic of; uniquely applying to; but; except; without
honorific/polite/humble prefix
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
inside a plane; in-flight
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
remodelling; remodeling; reorganization; reorganisation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
than; from; out of; except; but; more
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
twentieth day of the month; twenty days
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
flight (e.g. airline flight); trip (e.g. train trip); mail; post; opportunity; chance
increase in the number of flights
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
please (give me); please (do for me)
new leaves; young leaves; fresh verdure
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
all present; all concerned; all of us
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
fight; fighting spirit; fight!; do your best
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...