from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cooperation; collaboration
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to accuse somebody; to charge someone
adds force or indicates command
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
number-withheld phone calls
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Nagano prefecture (Chūbu area)
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
both; many; various; together
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
woman; female; feminine gender
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
companion; follower; attendant; retinue
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh