indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
suffix for familiar person
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
then; well; so; well then
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; a ... in the making; future (lawyer, doctor, etc.); beginning
to divide; to cut; to halve; to break; to crack; to dilute; to fall below
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to break; to be smashed; to split; to crack; to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party); to come to light
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
skillful; skilled; proficient; flattery
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
bento; Japanese box lunch
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
way; manner; (for) the first time in (e.g. ten years); after ...; ...-sized; amount (equivalent to ...)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with (skillfully); handling (well); managing
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till