next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
suffix for room numbers; suffix for apartment numbers
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to be called; to do
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
why; how; for what reason
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to follow; to come along (with); to accompany; to come with (something); to follow as a result (of); to be incidental (to)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
bravery; courage; heroism
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
sorry; excuse me; thank you
to cool; to chill; to calm down; to cool off; to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to hate; to dislike; to avoid; to disregard; to act without regard (for); to be bad for (e.g. dust in machinery)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
spring water; clear (pure) water
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
phew; whew; huff; whoo; woohoo
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)