indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
speaking voice; talking voice
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
electricity; (electric) light
to disappear; to cause to disappear; to get rid of; (of time) to pass; to while away
wasteful; a waste; too good; more than one deserves; impious; profane
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nuisance to other people; inconvenience to others
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
sorry; excuse me; thank you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
for example; for instance; e.g.
in this way; thus; such; uh...
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful