bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to be doing; to be in the process of doing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
territory; fiefdom; feudal domain
88 years old; (arch.) rice
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
obstinate person; stubbornness; pigheadedness; hard head (like a rock)
stubborn (obstinate) father; pig-headed old man
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
eldest daughter; first-born daughter
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to be playful; to gambol; to be amused (with something); to flirt with
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)