indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tea ceremony; Way of Tea; sadō
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
to bring in; to take in; to approach (someone) with (a proposal, offer, problem, etc.); to bring; to bring (to another stage); to take (e.g. to court, to extra time, to a play-off)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
chain; series; connection; linkage
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and yet; though; when; in spite of
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...