indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
freely; frankly; without reserve
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
it is I who should say so
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
sorry; excuse me; thank you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun