indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
national (e.g. hero, pastime, consensus); relevant to all citizens; popular on a national level
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
since; for the past ... (e.g. ten years); this person; this gentleman
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
attractive; good-looking; stylish; cool; smooth; neat
ultimate; final; last; eventual
radio wave; reception; signal; saying strange things
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be buried; to be covered; to be hidden
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to dash against (of waves); to billow; to roll; to wave (e.g. in the wind); to heave; to pound (of a heart)
innumerable; countless; numberless
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to connect; to tie; to fasten; to transfer (phone call)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
jingle (in a TV or radio commercial)
dawn; daybreak; end; soon after something has ended; beginning (of a new year, month, etc.)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")