indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
thrust; stab; tsuki; thrust to the throat (in kendo); tsuki; thrust to the chest
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
show one's real ability; illustration of the distinctive character of (something)
serious; not joking; straight
dogwood (Cornus controversa)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
retirement; retiring (from a race, match, etc.); dropping out
compulsion; coercion; forcing (to do); enforcement
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
clearing one's throat; cough
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
production (e.g. play); direction
assistant; helper; assistant (to a professor)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
performance (of a play, opera, etc.); staging; presentation
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?