indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
study; research; investigation
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
around the world; throughout the world
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
article; news story; report; account
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
failure; mistake; blunder
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to be sacrificed; to fall victim to; to fall prey to
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
until now; so far; up to the present
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign