pointed end; tip; point; forefront; vanguard; spearhead
medical care; medical treatment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honour; honor; glory; privilege
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
(medical) doctor; physician
ignorance; innocence; stupidity
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
valid; effective; yuko (judo)
method of treatment; cure; remedy
ophthalmologist; eye specialist
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
how; in what way; how (much); to what extent; however (much); no matter how
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very