indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
dry riverbed; river beach
pink; erotic; blue; pornographic
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
pupil; student; schoolchild
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Hinamatsuri (March 3); Hina Matsuri; Girls' Festival; Dolls' Festival
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
March; third month of the lunar calendar
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
only; merely; nothing but; no more than
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
third month of the lunar calendar; Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.)
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
decoration; ornament; trimmings
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
graduation ceremony; commencement