to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
latest; newest; late-breaking (news)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
after this; henceforth; henceforward; from now on
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
please (give me); please (do for me)
announcement of time; time signal; news report; newsletter
savings box; moneybox; piggy bank
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
shore; bank (of a body of water)
then; and then; and; if so; because then; if that's the case
pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to shout (in anger); to yell
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
downpour; pouring rain; heavy rain; pelting rain; cloudburst
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during