indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
willow (any tree of genus Salix); weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
business discussion; negotiation
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); good work; see you; goodbye; tiredness; fatigue
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
to rest; to suspend; to give relief
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame