counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
orphanage; children's home; foster home
great and splendid land (of Yamato); spiritual center of the land; one's spiritual home; excellent location; splendid place
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
oak; daimyo oak; Japanese emperor oak; Quercus dentata
counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (arch.) counter for boats
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
like a part of the family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
flight; desertion; escape
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
offender; criminal; culprit
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
police; police officer; police station
by means of; due to; because of; according to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
you (plural); all of you; you all
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least