indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
than; from; out of; except; but; more
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to give up on; to turn one's back (on); to abandon; to forsake; to dump (e.g. romantic partner)
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
Public Safety Bureau (of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department); Special Branch (police); Ministry of Public Security (China)
control; management (e.g. of a business)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sacrificed; to fall victim to; to fall prey to
serious; not joking; straight
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
details; particulars; detailed; specific; close-up view (of a digitally displayed map); zoomed-in view
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do