what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
all; entire; whole; altogether
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
extermination (esp. pests); expulsion; destruction
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
having said that; on the other hand
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
farmer; farming family; farmhouse
people; (all) persons; you (usu. plural); various
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to live; to make a living; to get on with
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy
urgent business; pressing need; imperative
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
wild; growing wild; living in the wild; (arch.) I
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to exert (influence); to exercise; to cause (e.g. damage); to do (e.g. harm); to bring about (e.g. benefits); to extend
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself