green willow (i.e. one that has budded); meat of the trough shell (Mactra chinensis)
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
study; research; investigation
research project (e.g. at school); independent research
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
observation; survey; watching
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
book; volume; this; present; main; head
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
discovery; detection; finding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
such; this sort of; like this
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point