indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
green willow (i.e. one that has budded); meat of the trough shell (Mactra chinensis)
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's nature; one's feelings; plain; unadorned; mere; poor
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to melt; to thaw; to fuse; to dissolve
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
suffix for familiar person
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all