indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles; judgment; judgement; discrimination
toilet; restroom; bathroom; lavatory
washing with water; rinsing; flushing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
since when; from when; how long
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
memories; recollections; reminiscence
all; entire; whole; altogether
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be shy; to be bashful; to feel awkward; to feel embarrassed
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
omurice; fried rice wrapped in or topped with omelette
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get an upset stomach; to have diarrhea
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more